Public Parts webnotes (aka footnotes)

Here are the endnotes (aka footnotes) from Public Parts, made clickable online. I’ve added in other links where appropriate (e.g., web sites I write about). Citations to books and articles that are not online appear here as they do in the book. To draw your eye to notes and links outside of endnotes, I’ll label each in boldface.

Introduction: The Ages of Publicness
1. Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 5
2. The Origins of the Modern Public, CBC, cbc.ca/ideas/episodes/fea?tures/2010/04/26/the-origins-of-the-modern-public/
3. Warner, Publics and Counterpublics, p. 30
4. “SeeClickFix Integrates Data with San Francisco and Washington DC’s New Open311 Systems,” Future Cities Forum, http://futurecitiesforum.com/content/seeclickfix-integrates-data-san-francisco-and-washington-dcs-newopen311-systems“>futurecitiesforum.com/content/seeclickfix-integrates-data-san-francisco-and-washington-dcs-new?open311-systems (different link)
Site: SeeClickFix
5. The phrase is inspired by New York University’s Jay Rosen in the context of newly collaborative news and “the people formerly known as the audience.” See Rosen’s blog, June 27, 2006, archive.pressthink.org/2006/06/27/ppl_frmr.html
6. “Bradley Cooper vs. Bradley Cooper….Sarah Ellison on Wall Street….,” Womens Wear Daily, wwd.com/media-news/fashion-memopad/bradley?-cooper-vs-bradley-cooper-sarah-ellison-on-wall-street-3072929#/article/media-news/fashion-memopad/bradley-cooper-vs-bradley-cooper-sarah?-ellison-on-wallstreet-3072929?page=3
7. Doc Searls, “The Net: Free Infrastructure for Speech, Enterprise and Assembly,” Harvard Law Blogs, January 13, 2010, blogs.law.harvard.edu/?doc/2010/01/13/the-net-free-infrastructure-for-speech-enterprise-and-assembly/
8. Bernard Kouchner, “The Battle for the Internet,” The New York Times, May 13, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/05/14/opinion/14iht-edkouchner.html
9. Peter Levin and Mehret Mandefro, draft of an article for Foreign Affairs
10. facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
11. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, p. 24
12. Note: Note also the theory that biological evolution does not come in a steady march of small changes in our DNA brought on by natural selection but instead in rare and more drastic bursts of change as species split from each other. Wikipedia entry on punctuated equilibrium (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium); Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould, “Punctuated Equilibria: An Alternative to Phyletic Gradualism,” Speciation, 1972 (blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/eldredge.pdf); and Chris Venditti and Mark Pagel, “Speciation and Bursts of Evolution,” Evolution: Education and Outreach 1 (2008): 274–80 (springerlink.com/content/vr7t4mx65j3x62w0/fulltext.pdf)
13. facebook.com/elshaheeed.co.uk
14. “Mission accomplished”: After Mubarak and Bush, can we please retire the phrase?
15. Jackie Cohen, “Google’s Wael Ghonim Thanks Facebook for Revolution,” All Facebook, February 11, 2011, allfacebook.com/googles-wael-ghonim?-thanks-facebook-for-revolution-2011–02
16. Doc Searls, “Earthquake Turns TV Networks into Print,” Harvard Law blogs, March 11, 2011, blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2011/03/11/earthquake-turns-tv-networks-into-print/
17. “Mubarak’s Egypt NO MORE,” Sandmonkey blog, February 12, 2011, sandmonkey.org/2011/02/12/mubaraks-egypt-no-more/
18. Warner, Publics and Counterpublics, p. 21

The Prophet of Publicness: Mark Zuckerberg
1. Disclosure: I was brought to Murdoch’s retreat to lead a discussion with Zuckerberg and Gawker Media founder Nick Denton precisely because both men are so laconic
2. Norman Holland, “This Is Your Brain on Culture,” Psychology Today, November 2, 2010, psychologytoday.com/blog/is-your-brain-culture/201011/the-social-network-aspergers-and-your-brain
3. Mark Harris, “Inventing Facebook,” New York Magazine, September 17, 2010, nymag.com/movies/features/68319/
4. Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect, pp. 189–92
5. Matt McKeon, “The Evolution of Privacy on Facebook,” Matt McKeon blog, mattmckeon.com/facebook-privacy/
6. twitter.com/ajkeen/status/21592610173
7. “Grok,” geekspeak coined by Robert Heinlein in Stranger in a Strange Land, is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as “to understand intuitively or by empathy,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grok
8. “Speech by Rupert Murdoch to the American Society of Newspaper Editors,” April 13, 2005 (newscorp.com/news/news_247.html).
Disclosure: I advised Murdoch’s writer on the speech and earlier worked for TV Guide, then a division of their company, News Corporation. My last book was published by News Corporation’s HarperCollins.
9. Note: If I don’t become your Facebook friend, please don’t be insulted. I tend to use the service to organize and follow people I actually know. It also happens that my account has been broken for more than a year and I have been telling people that I have too many friends (5,000) when in reality I have far fewer. Frankly, I’ve found that to be convenient, sparing me from that awkward moment of rejecting someone who would be my friend, an act that feels rather like shoving a puppy. To handle just this situation, Facebook set up so?called fan pages, which eliminate the need to rule on friendships. Nonetheless, I find the idea of fan pages rather narcissistic; it’s bad enough that we can all have fifteen minutes of fame, but to assume that we all have fans strikes me as just too Hollywood. So there is, instead, a fan page for this book at on.fb.me/publicparts
10. Note: Zuckerberg’s contention that we choose what to post on Facebook about ourselves is generally true. Except that your friends can talk about you and post pictures of you—though, at least on Facebook, you have control over whether you’re named in the pictures.
11. Note: Moore’s law, formulated by Intel cofounder Gordon Moore, dictates that the number of transistors that can be placed on a computer chip doubles about every two years. That is the engine that has driven the exponential rate of technological change in society. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
12. Saul Hansell, “Zuckerberg’s Law of Information Sharing,” The New York Times blog, November 6, 2008, bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/06/zucker?bergs-law-of-information-sharing/

Public Choices
1. Sonia Phalnikar, ed., “Germany Threatens Google over Street View,” Deutsche Welle, February 6, 2010, dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5222701,00.html
2. Mat Greenfield, “Google Ghosts: New Street View Tech Could Wipe Humans from the Map,” CNET, August 9, 2010, crave.cnet.co.uk/soft?ware/google-ghosts-new-street-view-tech-could-wipe-humans-from-the-map?-50000258/?s_cid=33
3. Ulrich Schütz, “Leverkusen: SPD: Google soll 150 Euro pro Kilometer Zahlen,” RP Online, July 23, 2010, rp-online.de/bergischesland/leverkusen/nachrichten/SPD-Google-soll-150-Euro-pro-Kilometer-zahlen_aid_885411.html (in German)
4. HF, “No Google Street View in Germany and Austria?,” German Way blog, April 12, 2010, german-way.com/blog/2010/04/12/no-google-street-view-in-germany-and-austria/
5. youtube.com/watch?v=OMFBuHsKXb0
6. “Back Up Your Gmail: Google Threatens to End Email Service in Germany,” Der Spiegel, June 25, 2007, spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,490492,00?.html
7. Andreas Turk, “How Many German Households Have Opted-out of Street View?,” Google Policy blog, October 21, 2010, googlepolicyeurope.blogspot.com/2010/10/how-many-german-households-have-opted.html
8. Though the site is in German, go to findedaspixel.de/spots/liste; at the bottom of the screen, you can navigate from one pixelated building to the next
9. Jeff Jarvis, “Germany, What Have You Done?,” Buzzmachine blog, November 2, 2010 (www.buzzmachine.com/2010/11/02/germany-what-have-you-done/). In German: zeit.de/digital/internet/2010–11/street-view-jeff-jarvis-verpixelung
10. Cyrus Farivar, “Berlin Court Rules Google Street View Is Legal in Germany,” Deutsche Welle, March 21, 2011, dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14929074,00.html
11. Siobhán Dowling, “Google Knows More About Us than the KGB, or Gestapo,” Der Spiegel, August 19, 2010, spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,712680,00.html
12. Ibid.
13. “Search Engine Barometer—May 2010,” en.atinternet.com/Resources/Surveys/Search-Engine-Barometer/Search-Engine-Barometer-May-2010/index-1-2-6-199.aspx
14. “German court rejects lawsuit linked to Facebook ‘Like’ Button,” Deutsche Welle, March 23, 2011, http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14939422,00.html
15. “2 Swiss Pols, in Rare Move, Reveal Incomes, Assets,” BusinessWeek, September 5, 2010, businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9I1O1000.htm
16. Jeff Jarvis, “Privacy, Publicness & Penises,” Buzzmachine blog, April 22, 2010, www.buzzmachine.com/2010/04/22/privacy-publicness-penises/
17. Comment on Jeff Jarvis, “The German Privacy Paradox,” Buzzmachine blog, February 11, 2010, www.buzzmachine.com/2010/02/11/the-german-privacy-paradox/#comment-408841
18. Eric Schmidt, “Letter to Google Inc. Chief Executive Officer,” April 19, 2010, priv.gc.ca/media/nr-c/2010/let_100420_e.cfm
19. Jakof Adler, “Wie Ich mit Jeff Jarvis in der Sauna Saß,” Jakuuub blog, April 14, 2010, jakuuub.de/2010/04/14/wie-ich-mit-jeff-jarvis-in-der-sauna-sass/(in German)
20. Jeff Jarvis, “Cancer, the Sequel,” Buzzmachine blog, January 21, 2011, www.buzzmachine.com/tag/prostate/
21. Jeff Jarvis, Buzzmachine blog, www.buzzmachine.com/tag/afib/
22. Jeff Jarvis, “The Small c and Me,” Buzzmachine blog, August 10, 2009, www.buzzmachine.com/2009/08/10/the-small-c-and-me/
23. Jeff Jarvis, “Small c: The Penis Post,” October 16, 2009, www.buzzmachine.com/2009/10/16/small-c-the-penis-post/
24. Tyndall Report, tyndallreport.com
25. Comment on Jeff Jarvis, “The Small c and Me,” Buzzmachine blog, August 10, 2009, www.buzzmachine.com/2009/10/16/small-c-the-penis-post/#comment-403139
26. Comment on Jeff Jarvis, “The Small c and Me,” Buzzmachine blog, August 10, 2009, www.buzzmachine.com/2009/10/16/small-c-the-penis-post/#comment-403546
27. The Wall Street Journal, “What They Know” series, wsj.com/wtk
28. Kai Biermann, “Betrayed by Our Own Data,” Zeit Online, March 26, 2011, zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2011–03/data-protection-malte-spitz

The Benefits of Publicness
1. Danny Sullivan, “Live Blogging Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg at Web 2.0 Summit,” SearchEngineLand blog, November 16, 2010, searchengineland.com/live-blogging-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-at-web-20-56250
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_firm
3. “The New New Telco,” January 7, 2011, Confused of Calcutta blog, confusedofcalcutta.com/2011/01/07/the-new-new-telco/
4. Situationist, situationistapp.com
5. Dunbar number, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar’s_number
6. “IBM Is Committed to Linux and Open Source,” March 2010, public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/lxb03001usen/LXB03001USEN.PDF
7. “Finally, 1.0!,” tcho.com/chocolate/story-of-one
8. Google flu trends, google.org/flutrends/about/how.html
9. Sun Valley–Google’s Larry Page: Stop Stressing About Search Data Privacy,” July 9, 2010, blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2010/07/09/sun-valley-googles-larry-page-stop-stressing-about-search-data-privacy
10. Brian Stelter, “Tall Tales, Truth and My Twitter Diet,” August 21, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/08/22/weekinreview/22stelter.html
11. twitter.com/brianstelter25
12. “The Power of Data, Zeitgeist Europe 2010,” youtube.com/watch?v=10VXT0aGICc
13. heritagehealthprize.com
14. Jeff Jarvis, “Dell Learns to Listen,” October 17, 2007, businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/oct2007/db20071017_277576.htm
15. Howard Schultz, “Starbucks Chairman Warns of ‘the Commoditization of the Starbucks Experience,’?” February 23, 2007, starbucksgossip.typepad.com/_/2007/02/starbucks_chair_2.html
16. “One Last Post on the Super Bowl,” February 10, 2011, groupon.com/blog/cities/one-last-post-on-the-super-bowl/
17. Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, p. 222
18. Solove, Understanding Pivacy, p. 95
19. Christopher Locke and David Weinberger in Rick Levine, Christopher Locke, Doc Searls, and David Weinberger, The Cluetrain Manifesto, p. 240
20. “Is the End of Privacy the End of Shame?,” March 23, 2010, tweetagewasteland.com/2010/03/is-the-end-of-privacy-the-end-of-shame/
21. This Week in Google, twit.tv/twig
22. Arendt, The Human Condition, p. 58
23. Winer has often written about “future-safe archives”. Two links: “Meeting at Library of Congress,” November 3, 2010, scripting.com/stories/2010/11/03/meetingAtLibraryOfCongress.html and various articles indexed at google.com/search?q=site%3Ascripting.com+future+safe+archive
24. Jemima Kiss and Robbie Clutton, “Told You I Was Ill: All About Digital Death,” March 14, 2011, jemimakiss.tumblr.com/post/4104890796/told-you-i-was-ill-all-about-digital-death
25. Andrew Sullivan, “The Daily Dish,” The Atlantic, June 15, 2009
26. Clay Shirky, “The Net Advantage,” Prospect 165, December 11, 2009
27. Evgeny Morozov, “Iran: Downside to the ‘Twitter Revolution,’?” Dissent 56, no. 4 (Fall 2009)
28. Shirky, “The Net Advantage”
29. Jeffrey Kofman and Ki Mae Huessner, “Libya’s ‘Love Revolution’: Muslim Dating Site Seeds Protest,” February 24, 2011, abcnews.go.com/Technology/muslim-dating-site-madawi-seeds-libyan-revolution/story?id=12981938&?page=1
30. “FactCheck: How Many CCTV Cameras?,” June 18, 2008, channel4.com/news/articles/society/factcheck+how+many+cctv+cameras/2291167
31. Cory Doctorow, “London Bus with 16 CCTV Cameras Inside,” August 31, 2009, boingboing.net/2009/08/31/london-bus-with-16-c.html
32. James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, “Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts,” December 16, 2005, nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html
33. Andrew Levy, “Council Uses Spy Plane with Thermal Imaging Camera to Snoop on Homes Wasting Energy,” March 24, 2009, dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1164091/Council-uses-spy-plane-thermal-imaging-camera-snoop-homes-wasting-energy.html
34. Haringey Interactive Heat Loss Map, seeit.co.uk/haringey/Map.cfm
35. “12-Year-Old Sued for Music Downloading,” September 9, 2003, foxnews.com/story/0,2933,96797,00.html
36. Nate Anderson, “Obama ‘IP Czar’ Wants Felony Charges for Illegal Web Streaming,” arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/03/obama-ip-czar-wants-felony-charges-for-illegal-web-streaming.ars
37. Ilse Aigner, “Wir passen den Datenschutz ans Internet-Zeitalter an,” September 17, 2010, abendblatt.de/hamburg/article1634935/Wir-passen-den-Datenschutz-ans-Internet-Zeitalter-an.html (pay wall)
38. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab
39. Adrian Chen, “Google Earth Used to Bust Illegal Swimming Pools,” August 14, 2010, gawker.com/5612940/google-earth-our-newest-creepiest-crime+fighting-tool
40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,“Unintentional Drowning: Fact Sheet,” cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Water-Safety/waterinjuries-factsheet.html

A History of the Private and the Public
1. kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/1878.jhtml
2. Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 16
3. The New York Times archive, August 18, 1899
4. The New York Times, April 12, 1903
5. The New York Times, January 26, 1874
6. The New York Times, March 14, 1897
7. The New York Times, February 24, 1897
8. The New York Times, March 7, 1898
9. Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box Co., 1902
10. The New York Times, July 2, 1902
11. The New York Times, April 12, 1903
12. Translation courtesy of my Twitter readers, seventy-five of whom, within minutes of my asking, gave me a variety of translations and pointed me to Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_minimis
13. The New York Times, July 2, 1902
14. The New York Times, August 23, 1902
15. The New York Times, July 27, 1904
16. Brandeis and Warren, “The Right to Privacy”
17. Amy Gajda, “What If Samuel D. Warren Hadn’t Married a Senator’s Daughter?: Uncovering the Press Coverage That Led to ‘the Right of Privacy,’?” Michigan State Law Review 35 (Spring 2008): 35–60, msulawreview.org/PDFS/2008-1/Gajda.pdf
18. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 230
19. McKeon, The Secret History of Domesticity, p. 85, quoting John Robinson in New Essays and Observations Divine and Morall (London, 1628)
20. Ibid., pp. 54, 56
21. Westin, Privacy and Freedom, pp. 338, 52, 69–70, 3, 72–80, 86, 156, 160–162, respectively
22. Nissenbaum, Privacy in Context, p. 1
23. Schaar, Das Ende der Privatsphäre, pp. 5–8
24. Douglas Adams, The Sunday Times (London), August 29, 1999
25. Matt Ridley, “Humans: Why They Triumphed,” The Wall Street Journal, May 22, 2010, http://onwsj.com/9769PX
26. Hind, The Return of the Public, p. 16
27. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 11
28. Ibid., p. 6
29. Friedman, Guarding Life’s Dark Secrets, p. 258
30. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, p. 16
31. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 11
32. Spacks, Privacy, pp. 1–2
33. Arendt, The Human Condition, p. 38
34. Warner, Publics and Counterpublics, p. 23
35. Spacks, Privacy, pp. 2, 5
36. Cited in Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 81
37. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 138
38. Spacks, Privacy, p. 7
39. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man, pp. 121–22
40. Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 61
41. Spacks, Privacy, p. 3
42. makingpublics.mcgill.ca
43. Wilson and Yachnin, Making Publics in Early Modern Europe, pp. 1–2
44. www.cbc.ca/ideas/episodes/features/2010/04/26/the-origins-of-the-modern-public/
45. Peter Levin and Mehret Mandefro, draft of an article for Foreign Affairs
46. Marcus, “Cyberspace Renaissance,” p. 389
47. Note: For example: “The constitutional state predicated on civil rights pretended, on the basis of an effective public sphere, to be an organization of public power ensuring the latter’s subordination to the needs of a private sphere itself taken to be neutralized as regards power and domination.” Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 84
48. Note: Though my German is poor, I will dare to question the translation of his title, as I believe the words in it carry much baggage in English. “Bürgerliche Gesellschaft” was translated as “bourgeois society” but perhaps that carries too much class distinction for American ears. Even though Habermas ends up describing just one class—that of the coffeehouses—I wonder whether “civic society” would be better. I had also wondered whether Öffentlichkeit could mean publicness, a state of being public, instead of the public sphere. But my friend Wolfgang Blau, the editor-in-chief of Zeit Online, explained to me that in German, Öffentlichkeit describes a space or a sphere, an abstract location or function in society rather than a mind-set or attitude.
49. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 28
50. Cowan, The Social Life of Coffee, p. 90
51. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 32
52. Cowan, The Social Life of Coffee, p. 87
53. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, pp. 25, 65, 70
54. Ibid., p. 1
55. Nancy Fraser, “Rethinking the Public Sphere,” in Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun, pp. 109–42
56. Warner, Publics and Counterpublics, p. 12
57. Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, pp. 160–62
58. Ibid., pp. 2, 171, 147–49, 142, respectively
59. Note: I said I’d spare you the sausage, but for those brave enough to explore notes, I can’t resist sharing his fear that a “dialectic of a progressive ‘societalization’ of the state simultaneously with an increasing ‘stateification’ of society gradually destroyed the basis of the bourgeois public sphere.” Ibid., ?p. 142
60. Ibid., p. 143
61. Habermas, “Political Communication in Media Society,” a speech by Habermas before the International Communication Association published in Communication Theory 16 (2006): 423
62. Higgins, The Raymond Williams Reader, p. 46
63. Mills, The Sociological Imagination, quoted in Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, p. 249

The Public Press
1. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, pp. 25, 36–37
2. Myron Gilmore, The World of Humanism, quoted in ibid., p. 28
3. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, p. 90
4. Man, The Gutenberg Revolution, pp. 106–107
5. “The Invention of Paper,” June 13, 2006, ipst.gatech.edu/amp/collection/museum_invention_paper.htm
6. Man, The Gutenberg Revolution, p. 14
7. Febvre and Martin, The Coming of the Book, p. 248
8. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 33
9. Marcus, “Cyberspace Renaissance,” p. 390
10. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, pp. 108, 81
11. E. P. Goldschmidt, Gothic and Renaissance Bookbindings, quoted in ibid., p. 49
12. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 109
13. Lloyd A. Brown, The Story of Maps, quoted in ibid., p. 110
14. Gerald Strauss, Sixteenth Century Encyclopedia quoted in Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 109
15. openstreetmap.org
16. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, pp. 478, 110, 518
17. Eisenstein, “An Unacknowledged Revolution Revisited”
18. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela,_or_Virtue_Rewarded#Richardson.27s_revisions
19. Eisenstein, Divine Art, Infernal Machine, pp. 25, 55
20. Ann Blair, “Errata Lists and the Reader as Corrector,” in Baron, Lindquist, and Shevlin, Agent of Change, p. 24
21. Eisenstein, Divine Art, Infernal Machine, p. 116
22. Ibid., p. 23
23. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 76
24. McLuhan, The Medium Is the Massage, p. 50
25. Febvre and Martin, The Coming of the Book, p. 249
26. Pettegree, The Book in the Renaissance, p. 20
27. Ibid., pp. 44, 51
28. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 229
29. Pettegree, The Book in the Renaissance, p. 65
30. McLuhan, The Medium Is the Massage, pp. 122, 50
31. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, p. 250
32. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, pp. 72–75
33. Isaac Joubert, cited in ibid., pp. 244–45, 305
34. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 432
35. Ibid., p. 66
36. George Sarton, Six Wings, cited in ibid., p. 506
37. Kapr, Johann Gutenberg, pp. 245–46
38. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 363
39. Geoffrey Dickens, quoted in ibid., p. 303
40. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, p. 304
41. Eisenstein, Divine Art, Infernal Machine, p. 17
42. Munson and Warren, James Carey: A Critical Reader, p. 191
43. Ibid., p. 209
44. Ibid., p. 217
45. Ibid., p. 218
46. Sir John (Jack) Rankine Goody, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society, 1986, p. xi, cited in Jackaway, Media at War, p. 3
47. Jackaway, Media at War, pp. 7–8
48. Google response to Federal Trade Commission, 2010, p. 3, googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2010/07/business-problems-need-business.html
49. Jackaway, Media at War, p. 8
50. M. G. Siegler, “Nicholas Negroponte: The Physical Book Is Dead in 5 Years,” TechCrunch blog, August 6, 2010 (techcrunch.com/2010/08/06/physical-book-dead/). Here are Negroponte’s predictions in 1984: “Nicholas Negroponte, in 1984, Makes 5 Predictions” (ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_in_1984_makes_5_predictions.html)
51. Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?,” The Atlantic, July–August 2008, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/6868/
52. Nicholas Carr, “Eric Schmidt’s Second Thoughts,” Rough Type blog, January 30, 2010, roughtype.com/archives/2010/01/eric_schmidts_s_1.php
53. John Naughton, “The Internet: Is It Changing the Way We Think?,” The Observer, August 15, 2010, guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/aug/15/internet-brain-neuroscience-debate
54. Marcus, “Cyberspace Renaissance,” p. 396
55. The Gutenberg Parenthesis Research Forum, “The Gutenberg Parenthesis—Print, Book and Cognition” (sdu.dk/om_sdu/institutter_centre/ilkm/forskning/forskningsprojekter/gutenberg_projekt/positionpaper). See also this video with Professor Thomas Pettitt (niemanlab.org/2010/04/the-gutenberg?-parenthesis-thomas-pettitt-on-parallels-between-the-pre-print-era-and-our?-own-internet-age/). And this brief essay by Pettitt: “Before the Gutenberg Parenthesis: Elizabethan-American Compatibilities” (web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit5/papers/pettitt_plenary_gutenberg.pdf).
56. McLuhan, The Medium Is the Massage, pp. 44–45
57. Marcus, “Cyberspace Renaissance,” p. 401

What Is Privacy?
1. Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 7
2. Judith Jarvis Thomson, “The Right to Privacy,” in Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, 1984, p. 272, cited in ibid., p. 7
3. Lillian R. BeVier, “Information About Individuals in the Hands of Government: Some Reflections on Privacy Protection,” William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 1995, p. 458, cited in Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 7
4. Raymond Wacks, Law, Morality, and the Private Domain, 2000, p. 222, cited in Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 45
5. Westin, Privacy and Freedom, p. 7
6. William L. Prosser, “Privacy,” California Law Review 48, no. 3 (August 1960): 389, californialawreview.org/assets/pdfs/misc/prosser_privacy.pdf
7. Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 103
8. Brandeis and Warren, “The Right to Privacy”
9. Westin, Privacy and Freedom, p. 348
10. Ibid., p. 33
11. Lane, American Privacy, pp. 153–54
12. The Washington Post and Time, cited in ibid., pp. 141–42
13. Olmstead v. United States, 1928, p. 277, cited in Solove, Understanding Privacy, p. 17
14. Lane, American Privacy, pp. 153–54
15. Spacks, Privacy, p. 3
16. Ibid., pp. 3, 7, 140, 7, 88, 141, 13, 14, 15, respectively
17. McKeon, The Secret History of Domesticity, p. 61
18. Solove, Understanding Privacy, pp. 26–27, 31–32, 25, respectively
19. Ibid., p. 33
20. Ibid., pp. 74–75
21. Nissenbaum, Privacy in Context, p. 127
22. Westin, Privacy and Freedom, pp. 34, 35
23. Ibid., p. 331
24. Jamie Court, “Will Google Maps New Street View Tricycles Take Pictures of Our Kids’ Playground?,” The Huffington Post, March 2, 2011, huffingtonpost.com/jamie-court/will-google-maps-new-stre_b_830430.html
25. Simson Garfinkel and Beth Rosenberg, “Face Recognition: Clever or Just Plain Creepy?,” Technology Review, technologyreview.com/computing/22234/?a=f
26. Greg Sterling, “Privacy, ‘The Creepy Line’ and Beyond: It’s Not Just about Google,” Search Engine Land blog, October 8, 2010, searchengineland.com/privacy-the-creepy-line-and-beyond-its-not-just-about-google-52563
27. danah boyd, “Making Sense of Privacy and Publicity,” March 13, 2010, danah.org/papers/talks/2010/SXSW2010.html
28. Polly Sprenger, “Sun on Privacy: ‘Get over It,’?” Wired.com, January 26, 1999, wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/01/17538
29. Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden, “Teens, Privacy and Online Social Networks,” Pew Internet, April 18, 2007, pewinternet.org/Reports/2007/Teens-Privacy-and-Online-Social-Networks/1-Summary-of-Findings.aspx
30. danah boyd, “Favorite Myth-making News Articles?,” September 11, 2010, zephoria.org/thoughts/archives/2010/09/11/favorite-myth-making-news-articles.html
31. William McGeveran, “Finnish Employers Cannot Google Applicants,” Harvard Law blogs, November 15, 2006, blogs.law.harvard.edu/infolaw/2006/11/15/finnish-employers-cannot-google-applicants/
32. “Saving Jobseekers from Themselves: New Law to Stop Companies from Checking Facebook Pages in Germany,” Der Spiegel, August 23, 2010, spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,713240,00.html
33. Craig Schneider, “Gwinnett Hospital Won’t Hire Smokers,” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, July 6, 2010, ajc.com/health/gwinnett-hospital-wont-hire-565480.html
34. Prosser, “Privacy,” p. 391
35. “FTC Charges Deceptive Privacy Practices in Google’s Rollout of Its Buzz Social Network,” March 30, 2011, ftc.gov/opa/2011/03/google.shtm
36. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, coppa.org/coppa.htm
37. “What We’re Driving At,” Google official blog, October 9, 2010, googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/10/what-were-driving-at.html
38. “Zelfrijdende Auto’s, Eindelijk!,” October 18, 2010, auto-en-vervoer.infonu.nl/auto/62126-zelfrijdende-autos-eindelijk.html
39. Sebastian, “Das Google Auto,” October 11, 2010, kritikfabrik.de/2010/10/das-google-auto/ (link broken)
40. “Lessons from Online Bullying,” CBS News, October 1, 2010, cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6919852n&tag=related;photovideo

How Public Are We?
1. http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
2. Nicholas Jackson, “It’s Official: Most American Adults Are Using Facebook,” The Atlantic, March 25, 2011 (theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/03/its-official-most-americans-adults-are-using-facebook/73023/). Study by Edison Research: Tom Webster, “Facebook Achieves Majority,” March 24, 2011 (edisonresearch.com/home/archives/2011/03/facebook_achieves_majority.php)
3. Amanda Lenhart, Kristen Purcell, Aaron Smith, and Kathryn Zickuhr, “Social Media and Young Adults,” February 3, 2010, Pew Internet & American Life Project, pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx
4. twitter.com/about
5. “Internet 2010 in Numbers,” January 12, 2011, royal.pingdom.com/?2011/01/12/internet-2010-in-numbers/
6. Lenhart et al., “Social Media and Young Adults”
7. Note: Bit.ly, which is used to shorten web addresses so they can fit into tweets, passed 4 billion clicks in early 2010, 8 billion in 2011. It accounts for only some of Twitter’s traffic.
8. Alexia Tsotsis, “Flickr Hits Its 5 Billionth Photo, and Here It Is,” TechCrunch blog, September 18, 2010, techcrunch.com/2010/09/18/flickr-5-billionth-photo/
9. “Internet 2010 in Numbers,” http://royalpingdom.com/2011/01/12/internet-2010-in-numbers/
10. Disclosure: I am an investor in Covestor.
11. “Eric Schmidt: Every 2 Days We Create as Much Information as We Did Up to 2003,” TechCrunch blog, August 4, 2010, http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/04/schmidt-data/
12. From Pew Internet & American Life Project surveys, including Reputation Management and Social Media, 2010; The Future of Social Relations, 2010; The Social Side of the Internet, 2010; Social Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults, 2010; Millennials Will Make Online Sharing in Networks a Lifelong Habit, 2010; Social Isolation and New Technology, 2009; Neighbors Online, 2010
13. Jeff Jarvis, Picks & Pans, People, September 5, 1988
14. Winfrey deleted her video, thus I have no link.
15. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin.tv
16. blogs.wsj.com/wtk/
17. Mark Baard, “RFID: Sign of the (End) Times?,” Wired.com, June 6, 2006, wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/06/70308
18. Miguel Bustillo, “Wal-Mart Radio Tags to Track Clothing,” The Wall Street Journal, July 23, 2010, http://on.wsj.com/bzsfig
19. “PGP-10,” personalgenomes.org/pgp10.html
20. Emily Gould, “Exposed,” The New York Times Magazine, May 25, 2008, nytimes.com/2008/05/25/magazine/25internet-t.html?ref=emilygould
21. Steven Berlin Johnson, “In Praise of Oversharing,” Time, May 20, 2010, time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1990586,00.html
22. Mark Dery, “Have We No Sense of Decency Sir, at Long Last?: On Adult Diapers, Erectile Dysfunction, and Other Joys of Oversharing,” True/Slant, June 7, 2010, trueslant.com/markdery/2010/06/07/have-we-no-sense-of-decency-sir-at-long-last-on-adult-diapers-erectile-dysfunction-and-other-joys-of-oversharing/
23. Gould, “Exposed”
24. The site has been taken down.

The Public You
1. cnbc.com/id/33831099?__source=vty|insidegoogle|&par=vty
2. Holman W. Jenkins Jr., “Google and the Search for the Future,” The Wall Street Journal, August 14, 2010, http://on.wsj.com/aippTA
3. Judith Timson, “The Net Killed Sexual Privacy,” September 2, 2010, theglobeandmail.com/life/family-and-relationships/the-net-killed-sexual-privacy/article1694613/
4. World of Warcraft help thanks to twitter friends: twitter.com/sikemapleton/status/22461126238
5. Jeffrey Rosen, ‘’The Web Means the End of Forgetting,” July 21, 2010, nytimes.com/2010/07/25/magazine/25privacy-t2.html
6. Scott Rosenberg, “Does the Web Remember Too Much—or Too Little?,” July 26, 2010, wordyard.com/2010/07/26/the-end-of-forgetting-and-the-danger-of-forgetting/
7. Comment by David Weinberger at Buzzmachine, www.buzzmachine.com/2010/08/05/the-price-of-privacy/#comment-422091
8. Jane Hoffman, “A Girl’s Nude Photo, and Altered Lives,” The New York Times, March 26, 2011, reporting on an unfortunate case of “sexting”—a girl sending a naked picture to herself, which she sent to another girl, which then spread out of control. The piece is reasoned and not alarmist. It soberly and intelligently examines the issues and challenges of dealing with such a case. Yes, this is an edge case but one all parents want their children to avoid (nytimes.com/2011/03/27/us/27sexting.html).
9. Jeff Jarvis, “PDF: Eric Schmidt,” Buzzmachine blog, May 18, 2007, www.buzzmachine.com/2007/05/18/pdg-eric-schmidt/
10. Holman W. Jenkins, Jr., “Google and the Search for the Future,” The Wall Street Journal, http://on.wsj.com/oUuauC
11. Jeff Jarvis: “Dell Learns to Listen,” BusinessWeek, October 17, 2007, businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/oct2007/db20071017_277576.htm
12. Facebook Help Center, facebook.com/help/?page=408#!/help/?faq=16162
13. Katrine Bussey, “Labour Accused as Candidate Sacked over ‘Offensive’ Tweets,” The Independent, April 9, 2010, independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-accused-as-candidate-sacked-over-offensive-tweets-1940351.html
14. Jim Edwards, “Worst Twitter Post Ever: Ketchum Exec Insults Fedex Client on Mini-blog,” BNet, January 20, 2009, bnet.com/blog/advertising-business/worst-twitter-post-ever-ketchum-exec-insults-fedex-client-on-mini-blog/256
15. Andy Alexander, “Post Columnist Mike Wise Suspended for Fake Twitter Report,” The Washington Post, voices.washingtonpost.com/ombudsman-blog/2010/08/post_columnist_mike_wise_suspe.html
16. Hutch Carpenter, “How to Tweet Your Way Out of a Job,” March 17, 2009, bhc3.wordpress.com/2009/03/17/how-to-tweet-your-way-out-of-a-job/
17. Jameson Cook, “Facebook Post May Get Juror in Trouble,” The Oakland Press, August 29, 2010, theoaklandpress.com/articles/2010/08/29/news/cops_and_courts/doc4c7b104667b75071959419.txt

The Sharing Industry
1. Sam Lessin, speaking at the NY Tech Meetup, August 2010, livestream.com/nytechmeetup/video?clipId=pla_dae43c2e-9cf4-4cea-8bd7-5f0f9ee?32c52&utm_source=lslibrary&utm_medium=ui-thumb (link broken)
2. twitter.com/lisa_dawson/status/21596110529
3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
4. If you’re too young to remember, see “The Exciting History of Carbon Paper!” (kevinlaurence.net/essays/cc.php). Carbon paper’s first recorded use was in 1806.
5. Owen, Copies in Seconds
6. motion.kodak.com/US/en/motion/Products/Production/Spotlight_on_Super_8/Super_8mm_History/index.htm
7. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimeograph
8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod.com
9. Bakewell, How to Live, pp. 25, 5, 9, respectively
10. Alan Rusbridger, “Why Twitter Matters for Media Organisations,” November 19, 2010, guardian.co.uk/media/2010/nov/19/alan-rusbridger-twitter
11. “Nick Kristof Explains How Twitter Is Preventing Atrocities in the Middle East” (video), tvsquad.com/2011/03/30/piers-morgan-tonight-twitter-helps-prevent-atrocities-in-the/
12. twitter.com/delloutlet
13. Marshall Kirkpatrick, “The First Hashtag Ever Tweeted on Twitter—They Sure Have Come a Long Way,” February 4, 2011, readwriteweb.com/archives/the_first_hashtag_ever_tweeted_on_twitter_-_they_s.php
14. Jessica Guynn and John Horn, “Twitter: A New Box-Office Miracle?,” April 20, 2010, articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/02/business/la-fi-ct-twitter3-2010apr03
15. Johan Bollen, Huina Mao, and Xiao-Jun Zeng, “Twitter Mood Predicts the Stock Market,” Journal of Computational Science 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–8, arxiv.org/abs/1010.3003
16. Kate Kelly, “Hedge Fund to Predict Markets Using Twitter,” March 8, 2011, cnbc.com/id/41948279
17. Tim Burton’s Cadavre Exquis, burtonstory.com/connect.php
18. Crowley’s Flickr, flickr.com/photos/dpstyles
19. twitter.com/blippy/statuses/15504284300877824
20. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_(economics)
21. TripAdvisor fact sheet, tripadvisor.com/PressCenter-c4-Fact_Sheet.html
22. You have to see it to believe it. So go here to find the results of the interestingness algorithm and keep clicking for more: flickr.com/explore/interesting/7days/
23. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harris_(internet)
24. Disclosure: I have worked with Samson.
25. “Sen. John D. Rockefeller IV Holds a Hearing on Consumer Online Privacy, Panel 1,” findarticles.com/p/news-articles/political-transcript-wire/mi_8167/is_20100727/sen-john-rockefeller-iv-holds/ai_n54618189/

The Radically Public Company
1. Web 2.0 Summit 2010, “A Conversation with Mark Zuckerberg,” youtube.com/watch?v=Czw-dtTP6oU
2. Ilya Marritz, “Regulators Push for Disclosure on Household Cleaner Ingredients,” March 3, 2011, wnyc.org/articles/wnyc-news/2011/mar/03/ilya-add-text/
3. Here is Vaidhyanathan on the question of whether Google is evil in a debate: youtube.com/watch?v=lszQ-lO4Tk4; here is my response: youtube?.com/watch?v=YQWGIEKY_sg&feature=player_embedded
4. simpsons.wikia.com/wiki/The_Homer
5. Sam Abuelsamid, “Jeff Jarvis Suggests Detroit Should Build a Beta Googlemobile,” January 31, 2009, autoblog.com/2009/01/31/jeff-jarvis-suggests-detroit-should-build-a-beta-googlemobile/
6. “Toyota ‘Unintended Acceleration’ Has Killed 89,” May 25, 2010, cbsnews.com/stories/2010/05/25/business/main6518794.shtml
7. Publishers get 68 percent of AdSense ads on content sites and 51 percent of search ads. See “The AdSense Revenue Share,” May 24, 2010, adsense.blogspot.com/2010/05/adsense-revenue-share.html
8. code.google.com/chromium/ and sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/chromium-os
9. Jeff Jarvis, “Google News,” January 29, 2010, www.buzzmachine.com/2010/01/29/google-news-2/
10. Eric Schmidt, “Preparing for the Big Mobile Revolution,” Harvard Business Review, hbr.org/web/extras/hbr-agenda-2011/eric-schmidt
11. John Paxton’s Digital First blog, jxpaton.wordpress.com
12. See the rest of his tweets from the talk at “Create Stories Using Social Media,” storify.com/jeffjarvis/jxpatons-twitter-lecture-to-newspapers
13. Disclosure: I write and have consulted for The Guardian.
14. Robert Booth, “Trafigura: A Few Tweets and Freedom of Speech Is Restored,” October 13, 2009, guardian.co.uk/media/2009/oct/13/trafigura-tweets-freedowm-of-speech?INTCMP=SRCH
15. Alan Rusbridger, “The Hugh Cudlipp Lecture: Does Journalism Exist?,” January 25, 2010, guardian.co.uk/media/2010/jan/25/cudlipp-lecture-alan-rusbridger
16. Disclosures: This book was to be published by HarperCollins. When I saw that I was going to be critical of its parent, News Corporation, I decided to move to another publisher, Simon & Schuster. I gave advice to Murdoch’s speechwriter for the talk quoted in this section. I worked for TV Guide, then part of News Corporation, for six years, from 1991, and then for Delphi, an internet company News Corporation had bought. I was paid to speak at a News Corporation retreat. Regarding The Guardian: I have written about new media for the paper and been brought in to speak to staff.
17. David Kravets, “Murdoch Calls Google, Yahoo Copyright Thieves—Is He Right?,” April 3, 2009, wired.com/threatlevel/2009/04/murdoch-says-go/
18. “Speech by Rupert Murdoch to the American Society of Newspaper Editors,” April 13, 2005, newscorp.com/news/news_247.html
19. John Lippman, “Murdoch Set to Buy Delphi Data Services,” Los Angeles Times, September 2, 1993, articles.latimes.com/1993-09-02/business/fi-30898_1_electronic-newspaper
20. Arianna Huffington, “Journalism 2009: Desperate Metaphors, Desperate Revenue Models, and the Desperate Need for Better Journalism,” December 1, 2009, huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/journalism-2009-desperate_b_374642.html
21. Rafat Ali, “World Newspaper Congress: Dow Jones CEO: Beware of Geeks Bearing Gifts,” December 1, 2009, paidcontent.org/article/419-world-newspaper-congress-dow-jones-ceo-beware-of-geeks-bearing-gifts/
22. “Comments on Federal Trade Commission’s News Media Workshop and Staff Discussion Draft on ‘Potential Policy Recommendations to Support the Reinvention of Journalism,’?” July 20, 2010, http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/www.google.com/en/us/googleblogs/pdfs/google_ftc_news_media_comments.pdf
23. online.wsj.com/wtk
24. Seth Godin, “Moving On,” August 23, 2010, sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2010/08/moving-on.html
25. Seth Godin, “The Domino Project,” December 8, 2010, sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2010/12/the-domino-project.html
26. publicparts@buzzmachine.com
27. Best Buy Twelpforce Twitter account, twitter.com/twelpforce
28. Steve Myers, “How ‘PriceOfWeed’ Uses the Crowd to Fill an Illicit Information Gap,” September 28, 2010, poynter.org/column.asp?id=136&aid=191657
29. “On a Bet, Party People Fill KLM Flight to Miami Using Twitter,” December 28, 2010, springwise.com/tourism_travel/fly2miami/
30. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-book_management
31. John Case, Open-Book Management: The Coming Business Revolution
32. Here is a list of open-book management articles from Inc.: inc.com/guides/hr/23178.html
33. Jim McElgunn, “Open-Book Management: Doing Business in the Buff,” Profit, May 2010
34. strategy.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
35. Jeff Jarvis, “Wiki Life,” August 31, 2010, www.buzzmachine.com/2010/08/31/wiki/
36. Jay Rosen, “Asa Dotzler, ‘Community Guy’ at Mozilla Foundation, Talks to NewAssignment.Net,” November 1, 2006, newassignment.net/blog/jay_rosen/so_i_went_to_see_asa_doztler_the_community_guy_at_mozilla_foundation
37. Scott Thomas, “Designing Obama,” kickstarter.com/projects/simplescott/designing-obama
38. designing-obama.com
39. Dan Provost and Tom Gerhardt, “Glif—iPhone 4 Tripod Mount & Stand,” kickstarter.com/projects/danprovost/glif-iphone-4-tripod-mount-and-stand?ref=live
40. Scott Wilson, “TikTok + LunaTik Multi-Touch Watch Kits,” kickstarter.com/projects/1104350651/tiktok-lunatik-multi-touch-watch-kits
41. MIT Open Courseware, ocw.mit.edu
42. Leisa Anslinger and Daniel S. Mulhall, “Building a Google-y Church,” Church, Fall 2009, churchmagazine.org/issue/0909/upf_building_a_google?.php

By the People
1. Sifry, WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency, p. 21
2. collateralmurder.com
3. Bruce Schneier, “Schneier on Security,” schneier.com/blog/archives/2010/12/wikileaks_1.html
4. Sifry, WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency, p. 163
5. Jeff Jarvis, “Just Saying,” December 7, 2010, www.buzzmachine.com/?2010/12/07/just-saying/
6. Sifry, WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency, pp. 76–77
7. Lawrence Lessig, “Against Transparency: The Perils of Openness in Government,” The New Republic, October 9, 2009, tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/against-transparency
8. Ibid.
9. Vivek Wadhwa, “The Goldmine of Opportunities in Gov. 2.0,” October 23, 2010, techcrunch.com/2010/10/23/the-goldmine-of-opportunities-in-gov-2-0/
10. Tim O’Reilly, “Government as a Platform,” in Lathrop and Ruma, Open Government, p. 12
11. Watch an inspiring video of Malamud at the Gov 2.0 conference here: youtube.com/watch?v=KemM5-s-bLU
12. public.resource.org/sec.gov/
13. Nathan Halverson, “Sebastopol Digital Innovator Wins $2 Million Google Grant,” September 24, 2010, pressdemocrat.com/article/20100924/articles/100929642?p=1&tc=pg
14. David G. Robinson, Harlan Yu, William P. Zeller, and Edward W. Felten, “Government Data and the Invisible Hand,” Yale Journal of Law & Technology 11 (2009):160, papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1138083
15. Data.gov and other transparency projects were threatened with budget cutbacks and termination in 2011. See Daniel Schuman, “Budget Technopocalypse: Proposed Congressional Budgets Slash Funding for Data Transparency,” March 23, 2011, sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2011/03/23/transparency-technopocalypse?proposed-congressional-budgets-slash-fund?ing-for-data-transparency/
16. Simon Rogers, “My Top Ten data.gov.uk Datasets,” October 7, 2010, data.gov.uk/blog/my-top-ten-datagovuk-datasets-guest-post-simon-rogers
17. “The Framework,” nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/government-licensing/the-framework.htm
18. Carl Malamud, “Oregon: Our Laws Are Copyrighted and You Can’t Publish Them,” April 15, 2008, boingboing.net/2008/04/15/oregon-our-laws-are.html
19. “NYC’s Urban Forest: The 2006 Street Tree Census,” milliontreesnyc.org/html/urban_forest/urban_forest_census.shtml
20. U.S. Government Printing Office, “Federal Register 2.0,” youtube.com/watch?v=ADhP0KSmjkQ
21. McKeon, The Secret History of Domesticity, p. 57
22. Michael Schudson, “Was There Ever a Public Sphere? If So, When? Reflections on the American Case,” in Calhoun, Habermas and the Public Sphere, p. 155
23. Westin, Privacy and Freedom, p. 45
24. David Ferriero, “Federal Register 2.0,” July 26, 2010, whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/07/26/federal-register-20
25. Facebook translations, facebook.com/apps/application.php?id=4329892722?&v=info
26. Ushahidi, “2010 Earthquake in Haiti,” haiti.ushahidi.com
27. Eliot Van Buskirk, “Snowmageddon Site Crowdsources Blizzard Cleanup,” February 10, 2010, wired.com/epicenter/2010/02/snowmageddon-crowdsources-blizzard-clean-up/
28. The Ushahidi platform ushahidi.com/products/ushahidi-platform
29. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_Parties_International
30. Sifry, WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency, p. 56
31. Anthony Painter, “A Clash of Networks and Institutions,” March 16, 2011, labourlist.org/anthony-painter-a-clash-of-networks-and-institutions
32. Evgeny Morozov, “Picking a Fight with Clay Shirky,” January 15, 2011, neteffect.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/01/15/picking_a_fight_with_clay_shirky
33. Malcolm Gladwell, “Does Egypt Need Twitter?,” February 2, 2011, newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2011/02/does-egypt-need-twitter.html
34. Comment on Mathew Ingram, “Was What Happened in Tunisia a Twitter Revolution?,” January 14, 2011, gigaom.com/2011/01/14/was-what-happened-in-tunisia-a-twitter-revolution/#comment-575765
35. Adrian Johns, “How to Acknowledge a Revolution,” The American Historical Review 107, no. 1 (February 2002). Eisenstein responds to Johns’ critique of her in The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998) here: historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/107.1/ah0102000087.html; Johns responds here: historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/107.1/ah0102000106.html
36. John Naughton, “The Internet: Everything You Ever Need to Know,” June 20, 2010, guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-know